面向大规模集群并行I/O的用户层配置优化策略研究

近年来，大规模并行场景下的I/O性能越来越受到应用科学家的关注。影响应用I/O性能的关键因素主要有三个层次：包括应用的I/O接口实现、体系结构和文件系统组件的性能以及应用的I/O参数配置。本文从应用I/O配置优化的视角，分析了大规模集群并行I/O的配置调优空间，在此基础上，给出了一套大规模集群并行I/O性能特征测试分析方法，基于该方法，在某国产超级计算集群上开展了一系列I/O测试分析来刻画系统的I/O性能特征，进而指导并行应用程序的I/O配置优化。基于优化后的配置参数，在两类典型的并行I/O场景中，针对某类生产应用程序，8192进程下的重启动数据写操作时间下降了15%，4096核的程序作业加载时间从10分钟缩短到了5s。本文提出的I/O配置调优空间及优化方法，可以推广应用到其它同类系统平台，对于大规模集群上的用户层并行I/O配置调优具有借鉴意义。     

主动防护系统分布式火控平台设计与仿真

为设计和验证主动防护系统的分布式火控原理和算法，设计了主动防护系统分布式火控验证平台。根据主动防护系统的攻击原理和功能要求，构造了完整的硬件结构和软件架构，给出了详细的仿真流程，并对系统中涉及的各关键技术进行了分析和建模。最后，整个系统采用面向对象的程序设计方法和虚拟现实技术，实现了数字化的主动防护系统分布式火控仿真系统平台。该平台能够在虚拟作战场景中模拟真实的作战场景，能够有效地再现主动防护系统对目标的打击过程，也为主动防护系统的分布式火控原理验证和功能测试提供了技术手段。     

A nation-in-the-making,in arms: control of force,strategy and the Ukrainian Volunteer Battalions

At the core of waging war and strategy is the creation, control and use of force. This article investigates the volunteer battalions that mobilized in Ukraine during the spring of 2014. It contextualizes the volunteer phenomenon and focuses on the state strategies to establish control over these militias. As ambiguous entities arising from a situation characterized by rapid social change – revolution and war – the volunteer battalions threatened existing hierarchies and questioned state authority. The situation was exacerbated by the war, which deviated from the expectations of Ukrainian combatants and Western military observers alike. The state nevertheless enjoyed a modicum of success in reining in the militias through four strategies of undermining, co-option, incorporation and coercion. While predominantly integrated into a more rigid category of paramilitary forces, the volunteers continue to play a role in both the Ukrainian society and security sector to the unforeseeable future.